E-Commerce: characteristics and development

 


E-commerce, electronic commerce, online or online commerce: all these terms refer to the purchase and sale of goods or services using electronic information technologies. Internet is the basic technology. But other forms of digital data transmission and processing, such as mobile telephony, electronic customer databases, or accounting software, are also used in this field. So what is e-commerce, what are its pros and cons, and what are the current trends?

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What is e-commerce?

In addition to the purchasing processes themselves, e-commerce includes all of the processes that initiate and process a purchase. An online store functions as a central sales platform on which potential buyers can browse the product range and order and pay through a dedicated digital system. An electronic merchandise management system records the product sold and updates the stock. An RFID chip tracks the shipping route. Finally, CRM systems allow you to manage your customer relationship well.

In a narrower definition, electronic commerce is, therefore, part of E-Business. This includes all automated business processes in which electronic information and communication technologies are used. The goal of using these largely automated business processes is to make work more efficient and increase revenue.

Digital technologies are the basis of electronic commerce. Suppliers and customers exchange digital data within this framework. Different technologies can then be involved: the spectrum ranges from simple radio technology (e.g., Bluetooth) to very complex systems based on artificial intelligence (AI). In addition to communication technologies via the Internet and telephony, electronic databases, word processing software, social media or television as an advertising channel, payment transactions via online banking services and online banking services are also used. Chatbots for customer service. This creates a widespread digital infrastructure of wireless or wired networks. The common denominator is that spatial distances no longer matter. Sometimes its technologies completely replace physical contact. With e-commerce, consumers no longer need to visit a physical store or seek in-person advice.

Characteristics of e-commerce

For businesses, e-commerce aims to optimize sales processes so that they can generate more revenue. The aim is thus to make all sales-related operations more efficient and to reduce the associated costs. Companies have gained new sales channels through the Internet through online stores, marketplaces (e.g., Amazon), or auction platforms (e.g., eBay). Through social media, Internet advertisements, newsletters, and automated CRM systems, merchants can gain new customers and improve their relationships with them with relatively little effort.

In the field of e-commerce, all channels must be perfectly coordinated. The electronic technologies used must be integrated as well as possible into the value chain, that is to say, from logistics to marketing as well as to customer service. For example, a product advertised on the website must indeed be in the warehouse to meet the advertised deadlines.

Electronic commerce aims to increase its efficiency. For example, it speeds up the sales process. Customers can easily browse the range from their smartphone or personal computer and order at any time. Computer-aided systems automate processes and thus save time. At the same time, personnel costs are also reduced. If you don't have your stores, e-commerce even saves one or more rents. Moreover, distributing offers over the Internet is much cheaper than sending them by post or hiring someone to give out flyers. Companies can also open up new markets much more easily and inexpensively, and in particular, go international.

Benefits of e-commerce

There are several ways businesses can benefit from e-commerce. Here are some of its great benefits:

Distances overcome: the Internet makes it possible to prevent traders from being dependent on a fixed point of sale. They can launch into new sales markets across the United States regions; Although the distribution of material goods continues to require expansion of logistics capacities, there is no need to open new sites. The communication facilities that the Internet offers often reduce some business travel needs. From a consumer perspective, the advantage of online shopping is that they can choose from a wide range of products and directly compare quality and price.

Faster purchasing processes: e-commerce allows purchases to be made without delay. Buyers no longer need to visit a store to purchase their products. Instead, they can place orders 24 hours a day from home or any computer or mobile. Dedicated systems immediately send an automated order confirmation. On the seller side, it is very easy to offer and manage your services online.

Reduced transaction costs through electronic commerce: e-commerce can eventually make it possible to avoid the need to rent new shops and new warehouses. Inventory, cash register, and other systems designed specifically for managing online stores automatically track inventory and cash flow. The coordination of the different departments is then facilitated, and new business models can be developed. To increase their competitiveness, small and medium-sized enterprises can additionally cooperate with online service providers: for example, instead of using their online store, they can use the Amazon Marketplace or the auction platform eBay to partly outsource their sales and at the same time take advantage of the wide reach of these platforms.

Simple omnichannel and multichannel marketing: If the situation allows it, it is worthwhile to initiate an online and offline presence using all the available channels. If you use an online store, social media, and a full-fledged business, then consumers have more points of contact to turn to access your offering.

Wide Reach Ads: Social media, blogs, and corporate websites provide inexpensive ways to draw attention to offers. Companies that are active on Facebook benefit in particular from the wide reach of this network. SEO marketing and online ads can be done effectively with an ad budget that is often much less than traditional ads, such as those printed in magazines or broadcast on TV. Additionally, online advertising is easier to personalize than traditional advertising.

 

Opportunities to be closer to the customer: Social media allows you to make more personal contact with potential customers and improve your business image. Monitoring and analysis tools make it easy to collect personal data and create accurate customer profiles. This makes it easier to plan advertising campaigns and adapt the range of products to demand. CRM systems make it easier for you to stay in touch with your customers.

More Satisfied Customers: Customer service by email, online contact forms, or instant messaging can overcome the shyness of some to ask for advice. With these technologies, customers can ask questions around the clock and receive a quick response. Simplifying the processes for placing and paying for an order significantly reduces the effort of customers and businesses.

The disadvantages of e-commerce

E-commerce can also present certain drawbacks for businesses and customers. Much depends on the industry in which you operate and the capabilities available to you.

Complex implementation: Building a digital infrastructure takes time and money. Not all small retailers have the know-how or the human and financial capacities to set up an online store or manage their social media regularly. There is no point in maintaining a website intermittently. Also, shipping terms and complaints can be a big drag in online commerce.

Expertise and work on advertising: To assess how much you will be able to save costs, it is necessary to consider the industry in which you work. In highly competitive markets, businesses struggle tooth and nail to gain attention on the World Wide Web. A simple Google AdWords advertising campaign is not enough. Additionally, with smartphones and social media, users' attention spans have become shorter. Search engine marketing (SEO) requires know-how or sometimes the more expensive support of a specialized agency. Here, small businesses generally fail to compete with large businesses.

Increased competition and price pressure: Global online commerce has increased the number of competitors exponentially. If supply exceeds demand, there is enormous pressure on companies in their pricing strategies. Price comparison portals also allow consumers to choose the cheapest offer with just a few clicks. From the point of view of local businesses, it is very difficult, depending on the industry, to oppose such price wars and generate profits.

Lack of personalized advice: Not all online retailers can offer 24-hour customer service or have the resources to integrate chatbots into their websites. Unlike the traditional physical store, the customer will not have a direct contact for advice. Buying advice promulgated by trained staff is even more effective than those sent by chat. E-commerce cannot completely replace on-site advice, especially for products and services that require a lot of explanation and possibly a demonstration, such as trekking equipment or medical devices.

Undermining own businesses: booming Internet commerce is at the expense of in-store retailers. New strategies must be developed by physical stores that are seeing the number of their visitors decrease. We think in particular of bookstores, which are suffering drastically from the success of the giant Amazon.

Payment security and data protection: some Internet users continue to avoid online purchases for security reasons or do not wish to communicate their data.

Using as many channels as possible, you will inevitably reach more potential buyers and most certainly increase customer satisfaction. For an increasingly easy transition between online and offline, you can count on IoT innovations. Thanks for the example, to beacons based on Bluetooth technologies, smartphones can receive signals from the shelves of products or a specific product in a store. An application records these signals and then provides the customer with detailed information about the products in question. She may also try to draw his attention to promotions or refer him to products that meet his preferences (for example, organic food).

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